Zēngxiū jiàozhèng yāyùn shìyí 增修校正押韻釋疑
The Augmented and Corrected Resolution of Doubts in Rhyme-application by 歐陽德隆 (Ōuyáng Délóng, jìnshì of Lúlíng, Shàodìng 1230, 撰) and 郭守正 (Guō Shǒuzhèng, zì Zhèngjǐ, Jǐngdìng jiǎzǐ 1264, 增修)
About the work
A Southern-Sòng practical companion to the official Lǐbù yùnlüè KR1j0060, working through the most common categories of doubt that arose in examination poetry-rhyming: graphs of identical form but different meaning, graphs of identical meaning but different form, jīng / shǐ / zǐ glosses that disagree with the official rhyme-book, taboo rules, archaic vs. contemporary usage. 5 juàn; the prefatory matter (a long biāomù of question-categories) constitutes a 17-section taxonomy of the doubt-resolution problem space — a Southern-Sòng xiǎoxué genre piece. Originally Ōuyáng Délóng of Lúlíng compiled it with his friend Yì Yǒukāi 易有開 in Shàodìng (1230) on the ground that the Lǐbù yùnlüè alone gave no help when the same form bore different official and classical glosses; Yú Wényù 余文焴 of Chénlíng wrote the preface. Subsequently the book was repeatedly re-cut by commercial book-shops with corruption; in Jǐngdìng jiǎzǐ (1264) Guō Shǒuzhèng of Zǐyún (after his hào 紫雲山民) collated multiple recensions, edited and added c. 1,000 entries each in deletion and addition, and produced the present recension — referred to in Yǒnglè dàdiǎn citations as Zǐyún yùn 紫雲韻 (after Guō’s hào). Under each graph the entry-form is: official gloss (jiànzhù) → supplementary gloss (bǔshì) → cross-references to the same-graph appearing in other rhymes / other niǔ — with detailed comment on whether the form may be re-rhymed or used as cross-rhyme. Important examination-history detail: each rhyme-end carries a list of yánjiàng (provincially-petitioned-to-add) graphs, attributed to specific Sòng jìnshì (Huáng Qǐzōng of Shàoxīng, Zhāng Guìmó of Chúnxī, etc.).
Tiyao
The Zēngxiū jiàozhèng yāyùn shìyí in 5 juàn. Composed by Ōuyáng Délóng, jìnshì of Lúlíng, in Shàodìng gēngyín (1230); augmented by Guō Shǒuzhèng in Jǐngdìng jiǎzǐ (1264). Shǒuzhèng’s zì is Zhèngjǐ, hào Zǐyún shānmín; the Zǐyún yùn cited in the Yǒnglè dàdiǎn is this very book. Originally Délóng noted that in the Lǐbù yùnlüè graphs of same form but different meaning, and graphs of same meaning but different form, were left unexplained; in collaboration with his friend Yì Yǒukāi he composed cross-glosses on the jiànběn for examination convenience. Yú Wényù of Chénlíng wrote the preface. The book was repeatedly re-cut by commercial printers with much corruption; Shǒuzhèng then took Délóng’s text, collated it with other recensions, deleted and added c. 1,000 entries each, and produced this version. The front-matter sequence is: Wényù’s preface; Shǒuzhèng’s own preface; chóngxiū tiáolì 重修條例; Shàoxīng xīnzhì 紹興新制; yùnzì yángé 韻字沿革; doubts on previous-dynasty surnames lacking phonological gloss; doubts on the yùnlüè’s yīnshì against jīng / shǐ / zǐ phonology; doubts on the yùnlüè’s graph-meanings against jīng / shǐ / zǐ meanings; doubts on glosses-and-readings divergences within jīng / shǐ / zǐ; doubts on cases where this rhyme has different graphs and different meanings but the jīng / shǐ / zǐ unify them; doubts on cases where two rhymes have the same graph and meaning but no permission for cross-rhyming; doubts on classical-text rhyming with jīng-then-shǐ alternation; doubts on Old vs. Modern character; doubts of provincial-officer adjudication; misconceptions in popular tradition; doubts in fù-writers’ rhyming; doubtful graphs; same-graph different-meaning; corrections; vulgar graphs — all listed at the head of each juàn. Under each graph: official gloss, then supplementary gloss, then cross-graph entries from other rhymes / other niǔ, with details of yīnyì and diǎnhuà (stroke-distinctions) — and a determination of whether chóngyā (re-rhyming) or tōngyòng (cross-rhyming) is permissible. Many citations of contemporary examination practice — “year X, examinee Y, paper Z, used graph G, the examiner ruled” — to ground the determinations. At each rhyme’s end: graphs added by request of Huáng Qǐzōng of Shàoxīng, Zhāng Guìmó of Chúnxī, et al.; common graphs not in the official rhyme-book (e.g. 帡 帆 帡-幪 méng 等) marked with the note “guānyùn bùshōu” (not in the official rhyme-book). Considerably detailed; only the failure to distinguish between Délóng’s and Shǒuzhèng’s notes leaves the tǐlì somewhat tangled. There is a separate Lǐbù yùnlüè recension with much briefer gloss, but bearing Wényù’s and Shǒuzhèng’s two prefaces and the 10 chóngxiū tiáolì — yet the book and the tiáolì do not match; presumably this is some other Yùnlüè recension whose original preface had been lost and to which the present book’s prefaces had been transplanted. The Chúnxī wénshūshì preserved in this book gives the avoidance-rules of the time, with rich detail: e.g., in Qìngyuán they ruled that 弘 and 殷 had passed tiàojì (lateral-temple recession) and could be rhymed but not used as topic-graphs; in Shàoxīng they ruled that 威 should substitute for 桓 (e.g., 齊威, 魯威) — could be used but not rhymed; in dīngchǒu in Fúzhōu the supplementary-examination, the candidate who rhymed 齊威 was rejected — and so on. Truly the title Shìyí (Resolution of Doubts) is well-deserved. The book had no print-blocks for a long time; this copy is from a Sòng manuscript copied off a Sòng print. Cáo Yín’s separate print has 6 missing characters in the preface and 2 in the tiáolì; this copy has both complete — Cáo evidently never saw this print. Presented Qiánlóng 46 / 11 / 15 (1781). General Editors Jì Yún, Lù Xīxióng, Sūn Shìyì; Chief Collator Lù Fèichí.
Abstract
A two-stage Southern-Sòng resolution-of-rhyming-doubts manual: original by Ōuyáng Délóng of Lúlíng in 1230 with the friend Yì Yǒukāi; augmented and corrected by Guō Shǒuzhèng in 1264 (the Zǐyún yùn of Yǒnglè dàdiǎn fame). The work’s 17-fold question-typology — taking each kind of jīng-vs-yùnlüè discrepancy and resolving it with citations from examination history — gives a uniquely vivid picture of how the Lǐbù yùnlüè was applied as an examination instrument, and how rhyme-judgments were rendered in practice. A particular value is the book’s preservation of the Chúnxī wénshūshì avoidance rules, which document how miàohuì (ancestral-temple taboos) and tiàojì (recession from the temple) interacted with rhyme-application. notBefore = 1230 (Ōuyáng’s original); notAfter = 1264 (Guō’s zēngxiū).
Translations and research
- Píng Tián Chāng-sī 平田昌司. 1986. Sòng-dài de yùn-shū yǔ kē-jǔ 宋代の韻書と科擧. — Treats the Yā-yùn shì-yí in its examination-administrative role.
- Lǐ Jiā-shù 李家樹. 2008. Sòng-dài Lǐ-bù yùn-lüè jí qí xiāng-guān yùn-shū yán-jiū 宋代禮部韻略及其相關韻書研究. — Comprehensive Sòng-rhyme-book history.
Other points of interest
The Chúnxī wénshūshì preserved at the front of this book is — as the tíyào notes — a particularly clear institutional witness to Sòng miàohuì / tiàojì practice as it interacted with rhyme: a graph could be (a) rhymed but not used as topic, (b) used as topic but not rhymed, or (c) substituted by another graph (e.g., 威 for 桓). Examination candidates who chose wrong were rejected.