Chóngguǎng bǔzhù Huángdì Nèijīng Sùwèn 重廣補注黃帝內經素問
The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic — Basic Questions, Re-expanded and Supplementarily Annotated by 王冰 (Wáng Bīng, 唐, 注) — base commentary; 林億 (Lín Yì, 宋, 校正), 高保衡 (Gāo Bǎohéng, 宋, 校正), 孫奇 (Sūn Qí, 宋, 校正) — Northern Sòng 校正醫書局 collators
About the work
The Chóngguǎng bǔzhù Huángdì Nèijīng Sùwèn is the Northern Sòng imperial collation of the Sùwèn prepared by the 校正醫書局 (Bureau for Editing Medical Books) under the direction of 林億 Lín Yì from 1057 onward and presented to the throne in 1069 under Shénzōng 神宗. The bureau took Wáng Bīng’s 762 redaction as the base text, restored a number of variant readings from earlier witnesses (chiefly 全元起 Quán Yuánqǐ’s commentary, then still extant), and added their own bureau-level collation notes signalled by the formula 新校正云… (“the New Collation says…”). The jicheng.tw digitization here preserves the Sòng layout with the bureau’s interlinear notes intact, and additionally — in KR3ea003_000.txt — carries the famous Yí piān 遺篇 (the “missing chapters” Cì fǎ lùn 刺法論 [pian 72] and Běn bìng lùn 本病論 [pian 73]), which Wáng Bīng’s recension marked as lost. This is the textual basis from which all subsequent Yuán, Míng, Qīng, and modern prints of the Sùwèn descend; the parent unannotated work is KR3ea001.
Prefaces
KR3ea003_000.txt does not contain the customary front-matter (Lín Yì’s 1069 presentation memorial, Wáng Bīng’s 762 preface, the table of contents) but instead opens directly with the Yí piān — Cì fǎ lùn dì qīshí’èr 刺法論第七十二 and Běn bìng lùn dì qīshísān 本病論第七十三. Both are dialogues between Huángdì and Qíbó on cosmological dislocations of the shēngjiàng 升降 cycle (failure of ascent/descent of the heavenly stems) and on acupunctural prophylaxis using the well, brook, transport, river, and sea (井滎俞經合) points. The text is laced with interlinear commentary, ascribed in the medical tradition to 劉溫舒 Liú Wēnshū of the Sòng (also attributed by some to Wáng Bīng himself in early printings). Lín Yì’s 校正 notes flag these chapters as later restorations and refuse to integrate them into the body of the Sùwèn, hence their placement as a Yí piān appendix.
Abstract
The Sòng collation was undertaken on the initiative of Rénzōng 仁宗 (the 校正醫書局 was instituted by edict in 嘉祐二年 / 1057) and was completed under Yīngzōng 英宗 and Shénzōng 神宗. The bureau comprised: 林億 Lín Yì (head), 高保衡 Gāo Bǎohéng, 孫奇 Sūn Qí, and 孫兆 Sūn Zhào; auxiliary collators included 掌禹錫 Zhǎng Yǔxī (for some titles). Their working principle is set out in the Bǔ zhù shì wén Huángdì nèijīng Sùwèn xù 補注釋文黃帝內經素問序 (1069): take Wáng Bīng’s text as the base, collate against several older manuscript copies (the bureau lists “舊藏經本” “他本” “古本”), preserve every variant in interlinear annotation, and correct only manifest scribal errors. The result was the codification of the Sùwèn in its modern form. The bureau also produced parallel collated editions of the Língshū (KR3ea023 / KR3e0002), Nánjīng, Màijīng, Zhēnjiǔ jiǎyǐ jīng, Shānghán lùn, Jīnguì yàoluè, and Qiānjīn yàofāng — together constituting the canonical received corpus of pre-Sòng Chinese medicine.
The Yí piān dating remains contested. Lín Yì regarded them as Sòng-period reconstructions modeled on the Yīnyáng dàlùn; modern scholarship (Qián Chāochén 錢超塵, Zhōu Hàiyù 周海宇) has confirmed late-Táng / Sòng linguistic strata, and the standard view is that they are a Sòng-period 偽撰 inserted into the corpus to fill the long-acknowledged lacuna. The jicheng.tw digitization preserves them but flags the textual status.
For the unannotated Sùwèn text see KR3ea001; for the Lín Yì tradition under WYG/SBCK provenance see KR3e0001; for the Daoist Canon recension see KR5d0040.
Translations and research
- Unschuld and Tessenow, Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen: An Annotated Translation (2011) — translates the Lín Yì recension including a complete translation of the Yí piān.
- Wáng Hóngtú 王洪圖 (ed.), Huángdì nèijīng yánjiū dàchéng 黃帝內經研究大成 (Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 1997) — the standard PRC reference summarizing Sòng-era collation methodology.
- Qián Chāochén 錢超塵 and Zhōu Hàiyù 周海宇, “Sùwèn ‘Yí piān’ kǎo” 《素問》「遺篇」考, in Zhōnghuá yīshǐ zázhì 中華醫史雜誌.
- Asaf Goldschmidt, The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200 (London: Routledge, 2009) — chap. 2 treats the imperial medical-book bureau under Rénzōng and Shénzōng.
Other points of interest
The 新校正云 (“the New Collation says…”) notes are routinely excised in later Míng and Qīng prints and only restored in critical modern editions; the jicheng.tw digitization, like the KR3ea001 Gù Cóngdé facsimile, preserves them. Their density (often a paragraph of bureau commentary for every two or three lines of base text) is the principal source for what is now known about lost pre-Sòng witnesses, most importantly 全元起 Quán Yuánqǐ.
Links
- Wikidata Q1408410 (Huangdi Neijing).
- Asaf Goldschmidt, The Evolution of Medicine in China: The Song Dynasty, 960–1200 (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2008).