Late-Edo (mid-18th-c.) Japanese physician of Kyōto and the founder of the most influential branch of the Japanese kohō-ha 古方派 (Ancient-Formula School) — the post-Manase reformist movement that rejected the Sòng-Yuán scholastic apparatus of yīn-yáng / liù-qì / bǔ-xiè and reanchored clinical practice in the unmediated reading of 張機 Zhāng Zhòng-jǐng’s Shāng-hán lùn and Jīn-guì yào-lüè. Tōdō’s clinical-philosophical signature is the doctrine wàn-bìng wéi yī dú 萬病惟一毒 (“all illness is a single toxin”) and the strict fāng-zhèng xiāng-duì 方證相對 (“formula-and-symptom-pattern in mutual correspondence”) methodology — the abolition of all inferential pathomechanism in favour of direct pattern-matching between presenting symptoms and Cháng-shā 長沙 [Zhòng-jǐng] formulae. His principal works Yī-shì huò-luàn 醫事或亂 (Ishi waran), Yào-zhēng 藥徵 (Yakuchō, 1771 — his canonical materia medica), Lèi-jù fāng 類聚方 (Ruijuhō), and Cháng-shā fāng 長沙方 (Chōsahō) are the foundational corpus of late-Edo kohō-ha. His son Yoshimasu Naomichi 吉益猷 / Shūfu 修夫 (signing as Píng-ān 平安 = Heian / Kyōto) succeeded as head of the school and provided the principal preface (1790) to his disciple 田中榮信 Tanaka Eishin’s KR3er094 Cháng-shā zhèng-huì.