Liú Xiàng 劉向 (-77 to -6), zì Zǐzhèng 子政 (originally míng Gēngshēng 更生), was a Western-Hàn classicist, bibliographer, and member of the imperial Liú lineage (great-great-grandson of Liú Jiāo 劉交, brother of Hàn Gāozǔ). Under Emperors Yuán 元帝 (r. -48 to -33) and Chéng 成帝 (r. -33 to -7), he held a series of court posts (jiànyì dàifū 諫議大夫, zhōnglěi xiàowèi 中壘校尉) and supervised the great imperial-library cataloguing project that produced the Bié lù 別錄, the foundation of the Hàn shū·Yìwén zhì 漢書藝文志. He compiled or edited the Liènǚ zhuàn 列女傳 (Biographies of Famous Women), the Shuōyuàn 說苑, the Xīnxù 新序, the Hóngfàn wǔxíng zhuàn 洪範五行傳, and (by tradition) commenced parallel collections of “Famous Men” and “Famous Immortals.” The latter survives as the [[KR5a0306|Lièxiān zhuàn 列仙傳]] (DZ 294) — although the present version is in fact a Later-Hàn (25–220) imitation, not Liú Xiàng’s own composition (cf. Yáng Shǒujìng 楊守敬, Rìběn fǎngshū zhì 6.30b–31b; Yú Jiāxī 余嘉錫, Sìkù tíyào biànzhèng 19.1197–1205). The attribution is canonically retained but is to be read as pseudepigraphic. Liú Xiàng was succeeded in his bibliographic work by his son Liú Xīn 劉歆.