Tōngxián 通賢 (Fúshí Tōngxián 浮石通賢)
Late-Míng / early-Qīng LínjìYángqí Chán master, 31st-generation Línjì descendant. Zì Fúshí 浮石 (from Fúshífó 浮石佛, the Buddhist allusion to a drifting stone-statue come ashore); self-deprecating hào Dōngjiàn lǎorén 東澗老人 (“Old Man of Eastern-Ravine”). Lay surname Zhào 趙, lay-name Zhòngguāng 重光 (given at age 6). Native of Hǔlín 虎林 (Hang-zhōu); the family moved to Dānghú 當湖 in Pínghú 平湖, Jiāxīngfǔ, when he was an infant. Lifedates 1594–1667 (Wànlì 22 – Kāngxī 6), age 74 per the Wǔdēng quánshū 五燈全書 and cross-confirmed by the master’s own 1648 xíngshí in KR6q0407 juan 9 (internal datum: Mìyún sealed him in 1639 at age 47 suì, fixing birth to 1594).
Father Zhào Wén 趙文, mother Lǐ-shì 李氏. Adopted vegetarian discipline at 13; at 19 (1612) broke with parents, went to Pǔ-tuó-shān 普陀山, tonsured by Shào-zōng chán-shī 紹宗禪師; after three months returned home and grew his hair back to comfort his mother. Formal tonsure at Wǔ-yuán Pǔ-jìng-ān 武原普淨庵 by Chéng-bái fǎ-shī 乘白法師. Received śrāmaṇera precepts (c. 1613–14) from Yún-qī Zhū-hóng 雲棲袾宏 (1535–1615) — placing him among the very last ordinand-cohorts of Yún-qī. Scriptural training under Míng-yé 明耶. First Chán-training at Yīng-wō-shān 鶯窠山 under Yī-chū chán-shī 一初禪師 (three years attendant-duty). Full precepts at Yán-guān Tiān-níng 鹽官天寧 under Zhàn-rán Yuán-chéng 湛然圓澄 (湛和尚).
First xǐng 省 at Yīngwōshān on the Qī xiánnǚ guān shītuólín 七賢女觀尸陀林 gōngàn. Final Chán-sealing and fùfǎ 付法 from Mìyún Yuánwù 密雲圓悟 (1566/7–1642) at Mìyún’s Jīnsù 金粟 seat on the xūnfēng 薰風 gōngàn, c. 1636–39. Three-year bìguān at Wǔyuán on Mìyún’s injunction. Formal transmission received at Huáng Lǚsù 黃履素’s Sùyuán 素園 garden in Jiāhé during Mìyún’s 1639 illness-convalescence stay there, on the same day as his dharma-brother Línyě Tōngqí 林野通奇 (1595–1652; author of KR6q0408) — the famous “wǔsè jīnlián shuāng kāi 五色金蓮雙開” dream-of-lotuses episode, attested by three independent prefatorial witnesses (通賢 xíngshí, 錢謙益 1662 preface, and Línyě’s postface).
Eight successive abbacies: (1) Dānghú Qīngliánsì 當湖青蓮寺 (from Chóngzhēn 12.12.17 = 29 January 1640); (2) Wújiāng Bàoēn Chánsì 吳江報恩禪寺 (Sōnglíng 松陵); (3) Hǎimén Sānxiān Guǎnghuì Chánsì 海門三仙廣慧禪寺 (Yángzhōufǔ, Guǎnglíng 廣陵); (4) Jiāxīng Dōngtǎ Chánsì 嘉興東塔禪寺 (Zuìlǐ 檇李); (5) Níngbō Tiāntóng Jǐngdé Chánsì 寧波天童景德禪寺 (main Tiāntóngsì abbacy, c. early 1650s, succeeding Mùyún Tōngmén 通門 per Qián Qiānyì’s 1662 preface); (6) Xiùzhōu Qīzhēnsì 秀州棲真寺; (7) Chángzhōu Yíxīng Shànquánsì 常州宜興善權寺; (8) Sūzhōu Chángshú Fúchéng Chánsì 蘇州常熟福城禪寺 (the final abbacy, from which the abbreviated Fúchéng yǔlù title derives).
Works: KR6q0407 《浮石禪師語錄》 (10 juan, Jiāxīng J26 B185, compiled by dharma-heir 行浚 Xíngjùn and cut Kāngxī 1 / 1662 with prefaces by Shǐ Dàchéng 史大成, Tán Zhēnmò 譚貞默, and Qián Qiānyì 錢謙益).
Lay-disciple and patron network: Huáng Lǚsù 黃履素 (host of the 1639 Sùyuán transmission), Huáng Ànwēng 黃闇翁, Shǐ Dàchéng 史大成 (1621–1682, 1652 zhuàngyuán, formal dìzǐ), Tán Zhēnmò 譚貞默 (1590–1665, the Hànshān Déqīng lay-disciple and Guózǐ sīyè), and Qián Qiānyì 錢謙益 (1582–1664; three direct meetings in 1636, 1639, and 1657 per Qián’s preface to KR6q0407).
Sources: Wǔdēng quánshū 五燈全書 juan 67; KR6q0407 juan 9 行實 (the master’s 1648 autobiographical life-record); Qián Qiānyì, Yúshān Méngsǒu preface to KR6q0407 (1662); Tán Zhēnmò, quánlù xù to KR6q0407 (1663-01-23).