山谷內集詩注

Shāngǔ Nèijí shīzhù 山谷內集詩注

Annotated Inner-Collection Poems of [Huáng] Shān-gǔ [Tíng-jiān] by 黃庭堅 (撰), 任淵 (注)

About the work

Shāngǔ Nèijí shīzhù 山谷內集詩注 in 20 juǎn is the principal Southern-Sòng annotated edition of Huáng Tíngjiān 黃庭堅 黃庭堅’s post-Yuánfēng poetry, by Rèn Yuān 任淵 任淵 of Xīnjīn — the foundational annotation of Jiāngxī-school poetics. The base text follows Hóng Yán 洪炎 (Huáng’s zǐzhí / nephew)‘s editorial division (post-Jìngkāng) into Nèijí (post-Yuánfēng 1 / 1078, beginning from the Tuìtīngtáng sequence) and Wàijí (pre-Yuánfēng, from Jiāyòu 6 / 1061 onward); Huáng himself had wished to follow Zhuāngzǐ’s Inner / Outer convention. Rèn Yuān’s Nèijí annotation: completed in Shàoxīng (1131–1162); structurally distinguished by chronological organization with suìyuè (year-and-month) interlinear notes drawn from Huáng Bū 黃㽦’s Shāngǔ niánpǔ and from local-history evidence. Companion to Rèn Yuān’s Hòushān shīzhù KR4d0088 (annotating Chén Shīdào). Xǔ Yǐn 許尹 of Póyáng’s HuángChén shīzhù xù (preserving the joint-issuance editorial intent) — preserved at the head of the Sìkù recension after over 100 years’ lacuna in copying. Together with the parallel Shǐ Róng 史容 史容 Wàijí annotation KR4d0086 and Shǐ Jìwēn 史季溫 Biéjí annotation, these form the complete zhùzǐ edition of Huáng’s poetry.

Tiyao

The Sìkù tíyào: Shāngǔ shī Nèijí zhù in 20 juǎn, Wàijí zhù in 17 juǎn, Biéjí zhù in 2 juǎn — composed by Sòng’s Rèn Yuān, Shǐ Róng, Shǐ Jìwēn — annotation of Huáng Tíngjiān’s poetry. Rèn Yuān’s annotation is the Nèijí; Shǐ Róng’s annotation is the Wàijí; the Biéjí annotation is what Róng’s grandson Jìwēn supplemented. Nèijí also called zhèngjí; called also qiánjí — clearly the Nèijí’s editing-into-book was completed earlier than the Wàijí, hence the annotators successively call it the qiánjí. The Wàijí’s poetry begins from Jiāyòu 6 / 1061 (xīnchǒu), Tíngjiān then 17; the Nèijí begins from Yuánfēng 1 / 1078 (wùwǔ), Tíngjiān then 34 — hence the Wàijí’s poems are in fact prior to the Nèijí’s. Huáng Bū’s Tíngjiān niánpǔ says: Shāngǔ in Chénliú awaiting punishment-by-history-affairs at his side, edited the Tuìtīngtáng shī; originally not intending to remove all his youthful work; Hú Zhírú Shǎojí, in early Jiànyán, prefect of Hóng — together collected Shāngǔ’s shīwén into the Yùzhāng jí; commissioned Rǔyáng Zhū Dūnrú 朱敦儒 and Shānfáng Lǐ Tóng to edit the collection, with Hóng Yán Yùfǔ specially in charge — finally taking Tuìtīng as the cut-off point. Shǐ Róng’s Wàijí preface also says: Shāngǔ himself said he wished to imitate Zhuāng Zhōu in dividing his shīwén into Nèi and Wài piān — the meaning was already there; not [merely] wishing to discard this and take that. The Niánpǔ further says: the Hóng family’s old edition took the two gǔfēng (ancient-style) pieces as opening; the present Rèn Yuān annotated běn also says Dōngpō’s letter answering Shāngǔ esteems these two poems — hence places them at the head of the edition; clearly the Nèijí annotated by Rèn Yuān is the Hóng Yán-edited recension. Shǐ Jìwēn’s Wàijí zhù postface says: detailed examination of the source-by-source year-and-month, separately ordering — no longer constrained by the old collection’s gǔ / lǜ division. Further examined Lǐ Tóng’s Wàijí postface says: Tóng heard that Shāngǔ from Bālíng via Tōngchéng into Huánglóngshān to compose the Qīng monk’s-poem — perused the Nánchāng jí — himself making selections — further fixing the old phrasing. Tóng later obtained a běn using which he made corrections; the yán (statement) “of more than 50 piān not my poems” — Tóng has also seen them in others’ collections — and immediately removed them. Further says: the qiánjí (i.e. Nèijí) middle’s Mù zhī bīnbīn and other piān are all what Shāngǔ in late years deleted. The selection-and-rejection follows this. However, Jìwēn’s postface says: his grandfather’s zēngzhù kǎodìng (supplementary annotations and verifications) were made after Jiādìng wùchén / 1208 — and nearly 10 years later — i.e. above-distance from Tíngjiān’s death already 110 years — and the Wàijí’s original běn juǎncì by then first underwent Shǐ Róng’s re-fixing — clearly what is called the Wàijí is also not the recension Tíngjiān himself deleted. Then these three collections — all rely on the annotated běn to be transmitted. Zhào Yǔshí’s Bīntuì lù once discussed Yuān’s annotation on the Sòng jiùshì Yěfū zhī Xuānchéng shī’s bùdé chūnwǎng jiàn QínGāo — does not get the source-of-allusion. Yet the annotated běn’s goodness is not in the petty-words-and-phrases — it is in the verifying-of-source-and-time-affairs. Yuān’s annotation of Nèijí, Róng’s annotation of Wàijí — their general outlines are systematically tied to the mùlù — under each entry — making readers verify the year-month, know the encounter, hereby pursue the poem-composition’s běnzhǐ (basic intent) — surely not what later persons centuries later, on basis of guess-edited chronology, can do. Wàijí has Qián Wénzǐ of Jìnlíng’s Jiāpíng yuánnián / 1224 xù; Nèijí’s Póyáng Xǔ Yǐn xù — world-transmitted hand-copies all dropped them — only Liú Xūn’s Shuǐyúncūn míngǎo records its outline — mùlù also mostly cánquē. This běn alone has the Yǐn xù full text; further the three collections’ mùlù are lírán (fully clean) — each present — usable as front-and-back complement to the annotation — particularly worth esteeming. Yuān, zì Zǐyuān, of Shǔ’s Xīnjīn. Shàoxīng yǐchǒu / 1131 with the wényì category-test ranked first; office reached Tóngchuānxiàn. His hào Tiānshè — Xīnjīn’s mountain name. Róng, zì Gōngyí, hào Xiāngshì jūshì, of Qīngyī-people; office reached Tàizhōng dàfū. His grandson Jìwēn, zì Zǐwēi, took the jìnshì; in Bǎoyòu office Mìshū shǎojiān. Yuān further composed Shāngǔ jīnghuá lù shīfùmíngzàn in 6 juǎn, záwén in 2 juǎn; zìxù says: condensed the essential and annotated. The original běn is now lost. What is now transmitted issued from Míng-people’s pseudo-attribution. Only this annotation, however, what the predecessors called dúwéi qí nán (uniquely doing the difficult) — together with Shǐ-shi’s two annotations — yìlín bǎozhuàn (treasured in the literary forest), no dissenting words. Qiánlóng 49 (1784) 10th month, respectfully collated.

Abstract

Shāngǔ Nèijí shīzhù is the foundational annotation of the central post-Yuánfēng poetry of Huáng Tíngjiān — the Yuányòu-period Mìshūshěng phase, the Shàoshèng exile, the Jiànzhōng Jìngguó recall, and the late Yízhōu exile. The 20 juǎn are arranged chronologically (juǎn 1: Yuánfēng 1 / 1078; juǎn 20: Chóngníng 4 / 1105 Yízhōu — the death year). Rèn Yuān’s annotation method — particularly his use of Huáng Bū 黃㽦’s contemporary Shāngǔ niánpǔ (preserved indirectly through the embedded suìyuè notes of this annotation), of Zhāng Fānghuí 張方回’s family-held copies (Zhāng was Huáng’s brother-in-law), of Lǐ Bīn 李彬 family copies — supplies an unusually rich biographical-historical apparatus. The Sìkù editors’ specific framing of the work as preserving Xǔ Yǐn’s lost xù and the complete mùlù (against the normal hand-copy state of dropped front-matter) makes this a particularly valuable witness for the Jiāngxī-school annotation tradition. Methodologically the Nèijí’s integrated biānnián (chronological) approach — Rèn Yuān as the first practitioner of this method, antedating Wáng Wéngào’s later Sūshī work — is the foundational precedent. Dating bracket: Rèn Yuān’s annotation completion (post-1131) to the Sìkù re-collation (1784).

Translations and research

• Palumbo-Liu, David. 1993. The Poetics of Appropriation: The Literary Theory and Practice of Huang Tingjian. Stanford UP. The standard English-language treatment.
• Liú Wén-jūn 劉文龍. 1986. Huáng Tíng-jiān nián-pǔ jiào-bǔ 黃庭堅年譜校補. Sì-chuān rén-mín. Standard Chinese chronology.
• Wú Yuán 吳鈞 et al. 1990. Shān-gǔ shī xí-zhèng 山谷詩繫證. Zhōng-huá. Standard modern critical edition synthesizing all three Sòng annotations.
• Yoshikawa Kōjirō 吉川幸次郎. 1962. An Introduction to Sung Poetry. Tr. Burton Watson. Harvard. Treats Huáng extensively.
• Egan, Charles H. 1993. “Reconsidering the Role of Folk Songs in Pre-T’ang Yüeh-fu Development.” Background.

Other points of interest

The Huáng Bū 黃㽦 niánpǔ — Huáng Tíngjiān’s zǐzhí (nephew)‘s contemporary biographical chronology — survives only indirectly through Rèn Yuān’s annotation; the standard reconstruction of the niánpǔ (Liú Wénjūn 1986) draws principally from this work. The liǎng zǔyǔ kǎo (two-character-source verification) — a particular concern of Jiāngxī-school poetics — found its first systematic zhùjiā (annotation) practitioner in Rèn Yuān, and the methodology was directly inherited by Lǐ Bì in the Wáng Jīnggōng shīzhù KR4d0074 and downstream by Shī Yuánzhī in the Sūshī annotation KR4d0080.

Links

• Huang Tingjian (Wikidata)
• Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual, §28.1 (Sòng biéjí); §28.6 (annotation tradition); §47 (Jiāngxī shīpài).