Fù Shān 傅山 (1607–1684), zì Qīngzhǔ 青主, hào Sèlú 嗇廬, Gōngzhītuó 公之佗, Zhūyī Dàoshì 朱衣道士 (“Red-Robed Daoist”), of Yángqū 陽曲 (Tàiyuán 太原, Shānxī).
One of the most celebrated polymaths of the late-Ming / early-Qīng. Active across:
- Confucian-philological scholarship. Author of the Sūnzǐ pīzhù 孫子批注 (commentaries on Master Sūn) and substantial kǎojù-style philological scholarship anticipating the High-Qīng evidential-research school.
- Calligraphy and painting. One of the masters of the early-Qīng cǎoshū and xíngshū styles; his calligraphy is among the most-valued of the period. The standard English-language study is Bai Qianshen, Fu Shan’s World: The Transformation of Chinese Calligraphy in the Seventeenth Century (Harvard, 2003).
- Daoist religious practitioner. Adopted the Zhūyī dàoshì “Red-Robed Daoist” identity after the Manchu conquest of 1644.
- Physician. Practised medicine in Tàiyuán after the Ming fall. The medical corpus attributed to him includes KR3ed047 Fùshì záfāng, the FùQīngzhǔ nǚkē 傅青主女科 (gynaecology, see also KR3ed080), the FùQīngzhǔ nánkē 傅青主男科 (andrology), and the Chǎnhòu biān 產後編 (postpartum obstetrics) — though textual scholarship is divided on which of these are autographs and which are posthumous compilations by family / disciples.
- Ming loyalist. Central figure in the Tàiyuán Ming-loyalist network of the 1650s–1660s; briefly imprisoned by the Qīng for clandestine resistance. Famously refused Qīng official appointment in 1679 when summoned to the Bóxué hóngcí 博學鴻詞 special examination, despite being physically transported to the capital.
CBDB id 32104 (1607–1684). The standard biographical-intellectual sources are Bai Qianshen 2003 (English); the FùQīngzhǔ jí 傅青主集 (collected works); and the Yángqū xiànzhì prefectural gazetteer. His medical corpus is the textual basis of the modern Fùpài 傅派 gynaecological school in TCM.