Huáng Chúnyào 黃淳耀 (1605–1645), original given name Jīnyào 金耀, zì Yùnshēng 蘊生, hào Táoān 陶菴 (whence his collected works), posthumous title Zhōngjié 忠節 (granted by the Qiánlóng emperor in Qiánlóng 41 / 1776); native of Jiādìng 嘉定 (Sūzhōu prefecture, modern Shànghǎi). Jìnshì of Chóngzhēn 16 / guǐwèi (1643). The capital fell before he could take up office, and when the Hóngguāng court was set up at Nánjīng he refused to participate in the selection process and remained at home in Jiādìng giving lectures on the Sòng dàoxué tradition (the LiánLuò of Zhōu Dūnyí 周敦頤 and the Chéng brothers). When the Qīng army took Nánjīng in Hóngguāng 1 / yǐyǒu (1645) and turned to subjugate Jiādìng — the famous ‘Jiādìng sāntú’ 嘉定三屠 of seventh- and eighth-month 1645 — he and his younger brother 黃淵耀 Huáng Yuānyào (d. 1645; zì Wěigōng 偉恭) entered a Buddhist hermitage in the city and hanged themselves together. Míngshǐ rúlín zhuàn. He is celebrated, with 劉宗周 (1578–1645) and 黃道周 (1585–1646), as one of the three late-Míng dàoxué scholars who united the philosophical zhèngxué with martyr-conduct (the formulation is Zhū Yízūn’s preface to the present collection). His most-circulated work apart from the Táoān quánjí (KR4e0244) is the Wúshī zìjiān zhūlù 吾師自監諸錄 (now juǎn 21–22 of the WYG), a collection of his early-career notes on Confucian self-cultivation. CBDB 30657. Míngshǐ rúlín j. 282.