Bào pǔ zǐ nèi piān 抱朴子內篇

Inner Chapters of the Master Embracing the Unhewn

by 葛洪 (Gě Hóng, 283–343)

The foundational treatise of Chinese alchemy and longevity theory — Gě Hóng’s systematic 20-chapter treatise defending the practice of immortality (shén xiān 神仙), compounding elixirs (jīn dān 金丹), and accumulating esoteric techniques. One of the most important single works in the entire Daoist canon. Preserved as DZ 1185 / CT 1185 (Tài qīng bù 太清部).

Dating. c. 317–330. Dynasty: 東晉.

Translations and research

  • Ware, James R. Alchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei P’ien of Ko Hung. MIT Press, 1966. Full English translation.
  • Robinet, Isabelle. Taoism: Growth of a Religion. Stanford UP, 1997.
  • Pregadio, Fabrizio. Great Clarity: Daoism and Alchemy in Early Medieval China. Stanford UP, 2006.