Zhì 智 (Tuìān Duànyú Zhì 退菴斷愚智)
Early-Qīng LínjìYángqí chánshī of the Pǔmíng Yòng 普明用 → Yǒngzhèng Yīlǎo 永正一老 sub-line of the Hǔqiū → Jìngshān → Duànqiáo Lún 虎丘 → 徑山 → 斷橋倫 transmission. Zì Duànyú 斷愚 (“Severing Folly”); hào Tuìān 退菴 (“Retreat Hermit”, bestowed by his teacher Yǒngzhèng Yīlǎo in 乙未春 = 1655 spring for his Chángshuǐ 長水 retreat). Born Tiānqǐ 壬戌 4/27 = 1622-06-05 Gregorian; native of Xiùshuǐ 秀水 (Jiāxīng), lay surname Jīn 金 (father styled Chéngdān 成丹, mother Táng 唐). Death-date not located; yǔlù compiled c. 1670.
Formation. Both parents died young; raised by paternal grandmother (老祖). At 16 suì (辛巳 = 1641) tonsured at Dōngtǎ Chánsì 東塔禪寺 under Juérú lǎoshī 覺如. 癸未 = 1643: served as xíngzhě under Xuějiāo dàshī 雪嶠 (= Xuějiāo Yuánxìn 圓信, 1571–1647) at Gāotíng 皋亭, who set him on the wú shēngsǐ 無生死 gōngàn. Bǐngxū = 1646 (age 25): awakening while wood-cutting at Gāotíng on the rabbit-leaping incident, jì: chù pò niángshēng miàn, quánshēn mòchù cáng 觸破孃生面全身沒處藏. After Xuějiāo’s death, consulted Gǔnán Mù lǎohéshàng 古南牧 at Méixī, Fú lǎohéshàng 浮 (full-precept), Yù lǎohéshàng 玉 at Bàoēn, and finally Yǒngzhèng Yīlǎo héshàng 永正一老 at Xìngshàn 興善 (Jiāxīng), under whom decisive transmission came in 戊子 = 1648 (age 27). Subsequent service as jiānyuàn at Zhúyǐn Chányuàn 竺隱禪院 (Dānghú, 1651–53) and Yǒngzhèng Chányuàn 永正禪院 (1653–55).
Tuìān phase. 乙未春 = 1655: at the master’s request established the Tuìān 退菴 retreat at Chángshuǐ 長水 with the lay-patron Shěn Jìngquán 沈敬泉 (the hào “Tuìān” was bestowed by Yǒngzhèng Yīlǎo at this time). Co-supervised the rebuilding of Pǔmíng Yòngzǔ tǎ 普明用祖塔 at Xìngshàn with Jīnmíng lǎohéshàng 金明 (the dharma-brother). 己亥冬 = 1659: closed entry into yǎnguān 掩關 retreat at Yǒngzhèng. The 行實 was narrated 巳酉 12/8 = 1669/12/30 Gregorian at the request of the lay-patron Páng Quánlì 龐全力 of Zhènzé 震澤.
Lineage position. Wǔdēng quánshū line: 斷橋妙倫 (Sòng) — 14 generations — 普明真用 — 永正一 (法叔 of the preface-writer Zhēnběn) — 斷愚智. Hence Sānshān Lái 燈來 of the Jùyún line and Duànyú Zhì of this Yǒngzhèng / PǔmíngYòng line are roughly contemporary but in distinct Línjì sub-lineages — Hǔ-qiū-school for Duànyú, Yáng-qí-school for Sānshān.
Work. KR6q0455 《嘉興退菴斷愚智禪師語錄》 2 juan, Jiāxīng Canon J29 B246, compiled by Jīlún 機輪 děng 機輪等編. Front-preface by Zhēnběn Xiàng Qiān 真本 真本項謙 (fǎdì dharma-brother of Píngshān 瓶山) dated Kāngxī 庚戌 仲秋 巳亥望旦 = 1670/8/15 Gregorian.
Sources: KR6q0455 juan 1 xíngshí (narrated 1669/12/30 to lay-patron Páng Quánlì); juan 1 preface by Zhēnběn Xiàng Qiān 1670/8.
name: 智 pinyinName: Zhì alternateNames: [大智, 方以智, 方密之, 龍眠愚者, 浮山愚者, 青原愚者, 曼公, 宓山子, 鹿起山人, 藥地, 無可, 弘智, 藥地無可, 無可大智, 墨歷智, 藥地智, Fāng Yǐzhì, Yàodì Wúkě] dynasty: 明/清 birthDate: 1611 deathDate: 1671 cbdbId: dilaAuthorityId: A007940
Zhì 智 (Yàodì Wúkě Dàzhì 藥地無可大智 / Fāng Yǐzhì 方以智)
A different master sharing the catalog-form Zhì 智: the polymath, late-Míng grand secretary, scholar-philosopher, and Cáodòng Chán master Fāng Yǐzhì 方以智 (1611 – 1671), one of the most distinguished intellectual figures of the MíngQīng transition. Lay-name Fāng Yǐzhì, zì Mìzhī 密之 (with multiple lay hào including Màngōng 曼公, Mìshānzǐ 宓山子). Tonsured monastic-name Wúkě 無可 (also written Hóngzhì 弘智); hào Yàodì 藥地, Lóngmián yúzhě 龍眠愚者, Fúshān yúzhě 浮山愚者, Qīngyuán yúzhě 青原愚者; later monastic-name Dàzhì 大智 (the catalog-form 智 derives from this).
Lay career. Tóngchéng 桐城 native (Ānhuī); from a distinguished scholar-gentry family. Late-Míng 進士 1640. Active in the Hóngguāng court resistance to the 1644 Qīng conquest. Refugee in Guǎngxī during the Yǒnglì period.
Cáodòng monastic ordination. Tonsured under Juélàng Dàoshèng 道盛 覺浪道盛 (1593–1659) — making him a dharma-brother of 如璽 Fāngróng Rúxǐ (cf. KR6q0458). Multiple subsequent abbacies, most importantly Qīngyuánshān Jìngjūsì 青原山淨居寺 in Jízhōu 吉州 (Jiāngxī) — the historic seat of Qīngyuán Xíngsī 青原行思 — whence his abbacy-form 青原愚者智. Died c. 1671 — likely Wànānjiāng 萬安江 incident with disputed circumstances (suicide / loyalist-arrest / drowning).
Work. KR6q0483 《青原愚者智禪師語錄》 4 juan, Jiāxīng Canon J34 B313, compiled by ménrén Xīngqìng 興磬 + Xīngfǔ 興斧. Apart from his Chán yǔlù, Fāng’s monumental scholarly output includes the Tōngyǎ 通雅 (encyclopedic philology), Wùlǐ xiǎoshí 物理小識 (natural philosophy), Yàodì pǎozhuāng 藥地炮莊 (Cáo-dòng-school Zhuāngzǐ commentary) — a unique combination of late-Míng polymath learning and Cáodòng Chán authority.
Sources: KR6q0483 juan 1; DILA authority A007940; voluminous secondary literature on Fāng Yǐzhì.
name: 智 pinyinName: Zhì alternateNames: [古林, 古林智, Gǔlín Zhì] dynasty: 明/清 birthDate: 1623 deathDate: 1695 dilaAuthorityId: A016498
A third master sharing the catalog-form Zhì 智: Gǔlín Zhì 古林智, a LínjìYángqí Manchurian (Liáoyáng) Chán master. Born 1623 (per derived calculation); died 康熙乙亥 11/16 夜間 = 1695-12-21, age 73, sēnglà 67. Native of Húguǎng Chángshā 長沙; lay surname Zhū 朱 (variant 李). LínjìYángqí 33rd-generation dharma-heir of Yǔsōng Chuányì 語嵩傳裔 (1611–1666) in the Pòshān Hǎimíng line.
Tonsured at age 6 at Éméishān 峨嵋 — exceptional childhood ordination giving him a 67-year monastic life. Served Shuāngguì lǎorén 雙桂老人 (= 海明 Pòshān Hǎimíng) for over ten years; finally awakened when a wooden post struck his calf-muscle. Took full ordination at 20. Final fùfǎ from Déshān Yǔsōng Chuányì in Húnán.
Manchurian abbacies (in succession). Shèngjīng Fèngtiān Bōrě chánsì 盛京奉天般若禪寺 (Mukden / Shenyang — entered 康熙壬子 = 1672 winter, his principal seat); Liáoyáng Rúlái chányuàn 遼陽如來禪院; Liáoyáng Jiànníng chánsì 遼陽建寧禪寺; Fèngtiānfǔ Dōng Qiánshāntái Dàbēi chánsì 奉天府東前山臺大悲禪寺. Together with 函可’s seven Liáoyáng abbacies a generation earlier, these form the institutional core of post-1644 Línjì Buddhism in Manchuria.
Disciples. Major fǎsì include Zhèngdēng 正燈 正燈 (compiler of the yǔlù), Zhèngjì 正繼 正繼 (recorder), Zhèngwù 正悟, Zhèngxún 正巡.
Work. KR6q0546 《盛京奉天般若古林禪師語錄》 6 juan, J38 B429, recorded by fǎsì Zhèngjì děng lù + compiled by Zhèngdēng děng biān; preface dated 康熙乙卯菊月 = 1675 lunar 9 by the regional Liáodōng official 奉天府通判.
Sources: 《盛京奉天般若古林禪師語錄》 vol. 6 〈行狀〉; 《五燈全書》 vol. 105; 《東北文獻零拾》 vol. 2.